Understanding U.S. Citizenship & Naturalization Immigration: Answers to 10 Common Questions

Becoming a U.S. citizen is the ultimate goal for many immigrants, offering access to full rights, privileges, and responsibilities in the United States. However, the naturalization process can be complex and often requires a detailed understanding of eligibility requirements, documentation, and procedural steps. Here are answers to 10 common questions about U.S. citizenship and naturalization to help you better navigate the journey to becoming a U.S. citizen.

 

What Is Naturalization?

Naturalization is the process through which a non-U.S. citizen voluntarily becomes a U.S. citizen. This process is available to lawful permanent residents (Green Card holders) who meet certain eligibility requirements. By becoming a U.S. citizen, you gain the right to vote, access certain government benefits, and obtain a U.S. passport.

 

Am I Eligible to Apply for U.S. Citizenship?

Eligibility for naturalization generally requires that you:

• Be at least 18 years old.
• Have been a Green Card holder for at least five years, or three years if you are married to a U.S. citizen.
• Have continuous residence and physical presence in the U.S. during the required period.
• Demonstrate good moral character.
• Show basic proficiency in English and knowledge of U.S. history and government (with some exceptions).

Consulting with an immigration attorney can help confirm your eligibility and identify any additional requirements.

 

How Do I Apply for U.S. Citizenship?

The naturalization process involves several key steps:

1. Form N-400: Complete and submit the Application for Naturalization (Form N-400) with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
2. Biometrics Appointment: Attend a biometrics appointment to provide fingerprints, photos, and signatures for background checks.
3. Naturalization Interview and Test: Attend an interview where you will be tested on English proficiency and U.S. civics knowledge.
4. Oath of Allegiance: If approved, attend a naturalization ceremony and take the Oath of Allegiance, officially becoming a U.S. citizen.

 

Are There Any Exemptions to the English and Civics Test?

Yes, certain applicants may be exempt from parts of the naturalization test:

• Age and Residency: Applicants aged 50 or older with 20 years of permanent residency, or aged 55 or older with 15 years of residency, may be exempt from the English requirement but must still take the civics test in their native language.
• Disability: Applicants with qualifying disabilities that impair their ability to learn English or civics may be eligible for a waiver by submitting Form N-648 (Medical Certification for Disability Exceptions).

 

How Long Does the Naturalization Process Take?

The time it takes to complete the naturalization process varies based on USCIS processing times and the applicant’s location. On average, the process can take between 8 to 14 months from application submission to the naturalization ceremony. Checking current processing times on the USCIS website and applying as early as possible can help you plan accordingly.

 

What Are the Fees for the Naturalization Application?

The filing fee for Form N-400 is currently $725, which includes a $640 processing fee and an $85 biometrics fee. Some applicants may qualify for a fee waiver or reduction based on financial hardship, which can be requested through Form I-912 (Request for Fee Waiver).

 

Can I Travel Abroad While My Naturalization Application Is Pending?

Yes, lawful permanent residents can generally travel outside the U.S. while their application is pending. However, extended absences may affect your continuous residency requirement. Before any extended travel, consult with an immigration attorney to avoid jeopardizing your application.

 

What Rights and Responsibilities Come with U.S. Citizenship?

Becoming a U.S. citizen grants you several rights, including:

• The right to vote in federal and state elections.
• The right to apply for federal jobs.
• The ability to sponsor relatives for immigration to the U.S. with fewer restrictions.

Along with these rights come responsibilities, such as paying taxes, obeying U.S. laws, and serving on a jury if called.

 

Can My U.S. Citizenship Be Revoked?

Yes, under certain circumstances, naturalized U.S. citizenship can be revoked. This usually occurs if:

• Fraud was committed during the naturalization process.
• The individual joins or affiliates with certain prohibited groups within five years of naturalization.
• The individual is convicted of specific crimes or acts of terrorism.

Revocation of citizenship is rare but can happen. It’s essential to maintain lawful behavior and comply with U.S. laws after becoming a citizen.

Achieving U.S. citizenship through naturalization is a significant accomplishment that offers numerous benefits and opportunities. However, the journey requires careful preparation and understanding of the application process. If you’re considering naturalization, the Law Offices of Karen Monrreal in Reno, NV can provide personalized guidance to help you achieve your goal. Contact us today to begin your journey to U.S. citizenship.